3.0 Occupancy in your residential housing unit

3.1 Good housekeeping practices

The Occupant is responsible for maintaining good housekeeping standards in the residential housing unit (RHU). This is not only for the comfort and upkeep of the home but also to ensure the health and safety of everyone living in or visiting the premises.

The Canadian Forces Housing Agency (CFHA) has the authority to intervene if good housekeeping standards are not maintained. In cases where an Occupant is found to be non-compliant with these standards, CFHA may initiate a violation management process to address the issue.

For more information on how violations are managed, please refer to section 8.12 Violation management.

The following minimum, non-all inclusive, housekeeping standards are used by CFHA to assess compliance and help maintain the RHU in a clean, safe, and functional condition:

• Keep the RHU clean and in good repair, both inside and outside.
• Avoid conditions that may lead to health or safety issues, such as allowing garbage to accumulate, hoarding, neglecting mold or pest infestations, or creating fire hazards through improper storage.
• Use all components and fixtures, including electrical ones, as intended to prevent health and safety risks or damage to the RHU. Overloading outlets, misusing appliances, or tampering with fixtures can cause serious hazards.
• Dispose of cooking grease properly. Pour grease or cooking oil into a heat-resistant container and place it in the trash once cooled. Never pour grease down the drain, even with hot water, as it will solidify and block the pipes or sewer line.
• Clean drains regularly. Remove hair and debris from strainers in sinks and showers and dispose of it in the trash or compost.
• If a drain becomes slow or plugged, apply an organic drain cleaner or mechanically clean the drain. If the issue persists, contact your Housing Services Centre (HSC).
• Dispose of products properly. Paper towels, disposable or cloth diapers, hygienic wipes, and feminine products must never be flushed down in the toilet, as they do not break down easily and can clog property laterals or main sewer lines. These items must be placed in trash.

3.2 Activities, alterations and/or installation requiring Housing Service Centre approval

The Occupant must obtain the HSC’s written approval prior to making additions or alterations to the premises, conducting commercial activities, or engaging in any activity that could affect privacy, safety, operations, insurance, regulatory compliance, by-laws, or Base/Wing Standing Orders, whether or not physical changes to the RHU or premises are involved.

Examples include, but are not limited to:

3.2.1  Security cameras/doorbells

The Occupant may use security cameras and/or doorbells with cameras for personal safety, provided their use does not infringe upon the privacy of neighbours.

Any privacy concerns related to the use of security cameras or doorbells should be reported to the Military Police and/or the local policing authority.

3.2.2  Operating a home-based business

All HSC requests to operate a home-based business from an RHU are subject to local by-laws, provincial/territorial regulations, and base/wing commander’s support. Approvals may be granted should the business not disturb the neighbours, obstruct traffic, offer unfair competition to local businesses, lead to any changes or excessive maintenance to the premises, present a health hazard, or is in conflict with Base/Wing Standing Orders. The Occupant must carry appropriate insurance for the business. If the municipality requires a business licence, the Occupant must submit it to the HSC prior to the start-up of operations.

3.2.3  Alterations or installations to the residential housing unit or premises

Requirements for alterations or installations are outlined in application forms and other supporting documents as identified within each subsection. The occupant is required to submit the completed application form to begin the approval process.

The Occupant is responsible for maintaining approved installations and, unless otherwise determined by CFHA, for removal at the end of occupancy and for restoring the RHU or premises in accordance with section 10.3 Restoration of grounds of this handbook.

All requests are reviewed by CFHA to ensure compliance with the National Building Code (NBC), applicable municipal by-laws, and CFHA standards.

Depending on the nature and scope of the proposed work, CFHA may require that the work be carried out by a CFHA contractor to meet technical, health, safety, and structural requirements.

Unless otherwise determined by CFHA, the Occupant is responsible for costs associated with approved requests, including installation, modification, or remediation at move-out.

In limited circumstances, where CFHA determines that an alteration or installation requires changes to CFHA-owned assets and the work is completed by a CFHA contractor, CFHA may choose to retain those changes. Any such decision is at CFHA’s discretion and will be documented as part of the approval process.

Where an existing occupant-owned installation requires removal, modification, reinstallation, or other intervention, occupants may contact their HSC for guidance. Any consideration of such installations is subject to CFHA review and determination.

3.2.4  Interior painting and wallpaper

Occupants wishing to paint interior surfaces in their RHU must first obtain written authorization from their HSC. Painting is permitted only under the conditions outlined in the Request for Authorization to Paint Residential Housing Unit (RHU) by Occupant and the Residential Housing Unit (RHU) Paint by Occupant Guidelines and Standards, both available on the CFHA website or upon request. Occupants must follow all requirements included therein. CFHA will not supply or store paint for occupant use.

All painted surfaces must be returned to the same standard and approved colour found at move-in, unless otherwise directed in writing by the HSC. If painting does not meet CFHA standards or causes damage, the occupant may be held financially responsible for repairs or repainting, as determined through the Residential Damage and Safety Report process. Fair wear and tear will be assessed based on length of occupancy and overall condition of the RHU at move-out.

Wallpaper is not permitted under any circumstances.

3.2.5 Furniture and effects

The Occupant is responsible for the costs of all alterations to the RHU for accommodation of any all furniture and effects.

3.2.6 Specialty appliances

Specialty appliances include, but are not limited to, air conditioners (portable or window-mounted temporary systems), dishwashers, and refrigerators requiring a water supply connection.

Modifications to accommodate gas appliances are not permitted, as CFHA residential unit configurations are not equipped to support such installations.

3.2.7 Fences, patios, decks, gazebos, sheds and dog runs/pens/kennels

Installation of any fence, patio, gazebo, shed, dog run/pen/kennel or other approved structures, are subject to local restrictions and CFHA standards. The Occupant is responsible for the maintenance and/or repair of any approved structures they build. The Occupant is responsible for the removal of all structures at the end of their occupancy, restoring the grounds to their original condition, and all associated costs. Please refer to section 10.3 Restoration of grounds for more information.

All requirements for these installations are outlined in the application form and supported by a separate technical guidelines document. The occupant is required to submit the completed application to begin the approval process.

Where an existing occupant-owned installation requires removal, modification, reinstallation, or other intervention, occupants may contact their HSC for guidance. Any consideration of such installations is subject to CFHA review and determination.

3.2.8 Above ground pools, wading pools and hot tubs

Above-ground pools, wading pools, and hot tubs are subject to local restrictions and CFHA standards and require a fence prior to their installation and being filled with water.

All requirements for these installations are outlined in the application form and supported by a separate technical guidelines document, both available on the CFHA website. The occupant is required to submit the completed application to begin the approval process.

Where an existing occupant-owned installation requires removal, modification, reinstallation, or other intervention, occupants may contact their HSC for guidance. Any consideration of such installations is subject to CFHA review and determination.

3.2.9  New cables (TV, internet etc.)/satellite dish installation

If the Occupant is installing new cables or satellite dishes (self-installed or using a local service provider), CFHA must be consulted and will monitor and inspect the installation of new cables and satellite dishes to prevent damage to the RHUs. If the equipment is not installed properly or maintained, the Occupant will be required to remove it at their expense. The Occupant is responsible for the removal at the end of their occupancy and all associated costs.

3.2.10  Automobile shelters

The installation of temporary automobile shelters are subject to applicable provincial/territorial legislation, regulations, municipal by-laws, and CFHA standards. Shelters are to be installed in the driveways of single and semi-detached dwellings only.

The intended use of temporary automobile shelters is strictly for the parking and protection of vehicles. Use of these structures for storage or any other purpose is not permitted.

It is prohibited to attach structures to the RHU, garages, or to be anchored to the pavement – proper weights must be used instead. Installations are permitted from November 01 to April 15 of the following year. At the end of this period, the temporary automobile shelter must be removed.

The Occupant is responsible for the removal at the end of their occupancy, restoring the grounds to their original condition, and all associated costs. Please refer to section 10.3 Restoration of grounds for more information.

All requirements, including technical guidelines, are included in the application form available on the CFHA website. The Occupant must review and submit the form as part of their request.

3.2.11  Flowerbeds, vegetable gardens, and shrubs

Due to potential problems caused by root systems, poor drainage, and impacts to building foundations, the following restrictions apply:

• Trees and shrubs must not be planted near the RHU or other permanent structures closer than their anticipated maximum maturity size.
• Maintain a plant-free buffer zone of at least 1 foot from the exposed foundation and slope gardens/flowerbeds away from the foundation to direct water runoff away.
• Occupants are permitted to import a maximum of 3m³ of topsoil for gardening purposes.
• Occupants are encouraged to plant native species that are suitable for local growing conditions. The use of chemical pesticides, or herbicides is prohibited to prevent damage to infrastructure, soil contamination, and impacts to surrounding vegetation, as outlined in section 3.10 Use of pesticides.

The Occupant is responsible for the removal of temporary structures at the end of their occupancy, restoring the grounds to their original condition, and all associated costs. Please refer to section 10.3 Restoration of grounds for more information.

3.2.12 Soil excavation (call before you dig)

The Occupant must contact their local service providers (hydro, gas, cable, telephone, and water and sewage) to ensure there are no underground services where they are planning to dig. While the work is ongoing, the excavation area cannot be left unprotected as it creates a safety hazard. Any open excavation site is required to be covered with a brightly coloured and properly secured tarp. Occupants are prohibited from transporting excavated soils offsite.

3.2.13 Electric vehicle charging services

An electric vehicle charging service (EVCS) is the equipment between a power source and a vehicle’s charging port. The term EVCS refers to the cables, connectors and other devices that function to safely recharge an electric vehicle (EV).

Availability of EVCS varies across HSC locations due to their unique electrical configurations, metering, power supply, parking arrangements, and differing RHU types (singles, semi-detached, row and apartments). These varying conditions can add a level of complexity with installation of EVCS. Approval to install an EVCS is contingent on the feasibility of the installation, local conditions, and specific considerations.

HSCs will assess the potential and provide EVCS level 1 or 2 capability where local conditions permit subject to the following:

EVCS availability at HSCs:

• Where EVCS are available, Occupants are responsible to supply their own plug and play charging equipment.
• Where EVCS are not available, Occupants must inquire through their local HSC for a new installation.
• Installation of EVCS can only be completed through the HSC by a CFHA approved contractor upon confirmation of the electric panel capacity availability and work feasibility.
• The Occupant is responsible for the removal of the EVCS the end of their occupancy, restoring the grounds and RHU to their original condition, and all associated costs related to damages caused by modification or misuse.

The Occupant may apply by submitting the application form.

3.3 Barrier-free modifications

The Occupant may request modifications to an RHU for accessibility requirements. A written request to the HSC manager supported by a report from an occupational therapist outlining the specifics and details for the accommodations is required. The HSC will engage the CFHA Head Office for review and will respond to the request in a reasonable timeframe.

3.4 Window blinds and curtain/drapery tracks

Window coverings, curtains, blinds, drapes are required to be surface mounted above the window head casement trim, and not within window jambs.

If your residential housing unit includes window blinds provided by CFHA, please contact your local HSC for details regarding maintenance and service arrangements.

3.5 Basement use

Unless specifically advised by the HSC, and due to fire safety, the intended use of the basement is for storage use, and for mechanical services (i.e., furnace, hot water tanks, laundry facilities, etc.) Basements are considered non-livable spaces and must not be used as living space, including bedrooms, family rooms, TV rooms, or play areas.

Due to the increased risk of moisture and water infiltration, all stored items must be placed away from walls and elevated on pallets and/or shelves to prevent possible damage. Storage must not compromise safety, access, or the intended function of the space.

To ensure emergency access and maintain fire safety:

• A minimum clearance of 75 cm (30 in) must be maintained around furnaces, hot water heaters, electrical panels, and water shut-off valves.

Items must not obstruct or limit access to these critical components.  

3.6 Landscaping

Subject to applicable provincial/territorial legislation, regulations, and municipal by-laws, the Occupant is responsible for keeping lawns cut and well-tended, shrubs, gardens and flowerbeds maintained, and ensuring the bottom 4 ft. of trees are kept trimmed and free of tree suckers.

The Occupant is required to follow any in-effect municipal water restrictions.

3.7 Snow removal

It is the Occupant’s responsibility to ensure steps, sidewalks, pathways, and driveways on their premises are always cleared of snow and ice. It is recommended to use sand or organic salt-free de-icing products to avoid permanent damage to concrete balconies, walkways, and steps.

Additionally, snow is required to be cleared from around utility meters (i.e. gas meters), air intakes and exhausts (i.e. furnace, hot water tank), against foundations and windows wells, and in some municipalities around fire hydrants.

3.8 Water flushing

At most CFHA housing locations, drinking water is provided by the municipality and often managed in part by the local base/wing staff and CFHA. Canadian municipalities and base/wing technicians conduct regular drinking water testing in accordance with Health Canada’s drinking water guidelines.

The majority of CFHA’s housing portfolio was built in the post-war era of the early to mid-1950s and is representative of homes built across Canada at the time. While CFHA has undertaken significant upgrades and renovations to its portfolio, some RHUs may still contain lead plumbing parts.

It is strongly recommended that Occupants follow Health Canada’s recommendation to flush the water lines in their RHU prior to drinking the tap water, especially when water has been sitting in the pipes for several hours. Flushing the water, especially first thing in the morning, can reduce exposure to lead if it is present in your drinking water.

CFHA is committed to providing healthy and safe housing for its Occupants. If you have questions or concerns about your drinking water, contact your HSC.

3.9 Waste removal, recycling, and composters

Occupants must place garbage in covered containers. To keep scavenging animals at bay, plastic bags alone must not be used for household waste. Occupants must take note of the collection schedule and must not put garbage containers out prior to 5 p.m. the day before the scheduled collection, or in accordance with local by-laws. The Occupant is responsible for their garbage until it is placed on the garbage truck. Garbage bins must be stored appropriately and securely (e.g., in a rear yard, inside a fence line, in a shed, or in an attached garage) to prevent access by wildlife. They must not be left in front or side yards or on driveways. Additionally, for appartement complex, garbage and recycling must not be left on balconies or common areas.

For safety reasons, Occupants must remove rubbish and combustible waste regularly. Any accumulated waste that may be considered a health and safety hazard will be removed at the Occupant’s expense. Please refer to section 3.1 Good housekeeping practices for more information.

Occupants are encouraged to recycle where a recycling program exists. The Occupant must leave behind all recycling containers provided for their RHU upon move-out.

Where composters are available, Occupants will need to place them in a suitable location, preferably hidden from view. They are to be kept clean, secure, and to be fully emptied and cleaned prior to move-out.

3.10 Use of pesticides

The use of pesticides for cosmetic lawn care, or to treat grubs or other outdoor pests, is prohibited. Information on lawn care alternatives to pesticides is available from many sources, such as Health Canada’s Healthy Lawn website. Please refer to section section 8.4 Pest management for more information.

3.11 Skating rinks

To prevent damage to lawns and landscaping, the installation of skating rinks is prohibited.

3.12 Asphalt and concrete surfaces

Asphalt and concrete surfaces can be damaged or stained by automobile fuel, lubricants, deciding products, and heavy loads. This damage and/or staining may result in expensive repairs and an unsightly appearance.

The Occupant must remove any stains or spills from driveways and garage floors as soon as they occur. Failure to do so may result in the Occupant being charged for the cost of repairs.

Temporary heavy items, such as sea cans, disposal bins, or similar equipment, can damage asphalt and concrete surfaces due to their weight. Written permission must be obtained from CFHA prior to placing such items on driveways or other paved surfaces.

The use of salt or other corrosive substances to combat ice on asphalt or concrete surfaces is not permitted. Only non-corrosive ice-control products may be used.

3.13 Locker storage

The Occupant must keep storage areas tidy and free of fire hazards. It is prohibited to use storage areas for workshops, play areas, motor vehicles (such as motorcycles), living spaces, or storage of perishable items.

Please refer to section 6.3 Flammable liquids for more information.

3.14 Garages

The intended use of the garage is for the storage and parking of vehicles. If the Occupant chooses to use the garage for purposes other than vehicle storage, CFHA is not responsible for damage to the Occupant’s personal belongings.

Activities conducted in the garage must not adversely affect the health and safety of occupants or the integrity of the structure. For the storage of hazardous materials or flammable liquids, refer to section 6.3 Flammable liquids.

The charging of lithium-ion batteries (such as those used for electric bikes, scooters, tools, or similar equipment) in garages is permitted only where manufacturer-approved chargers are used and charging is actively monitored. Charging must not occur overnight or when the Occupant is absent from the RHU.

3.15 Vehicles and recreational vehicles

Vehicles include, but are not limited to, passenger cars, pickup trucks, vans, motorcycles, bicycles, and utility trailers used for personal or household purposes. The term also encompasses work or service vehicles temporarily present for deliveries or other activities.

Recreational vehicles include, but are not limited to, recreational trailers (such as camping or travel trailers), motorhomes, boats, watercraft, personal watercraft (such as jet skis), sport and all-terrain vehicles (such as snowmobiles, off-road motorcycles and quads), and associated trailers used to transport them.

3.15.1 Parking

Vehicles and recreational vehicles must be parked only in designated and/or allocated parking areas as specified herein. Non-roadworthy vehicles must not be stored in the driveway or on the premises.

• Must fit fully within the assigned parking space without extending beyond its boundaries.
• Must not be parked or driven on the grass.
• Must not hinder traffic or block sidewalks or streets.
• Must not obstruct neighbouring parking spaces or access for emergency services.
• Must not block sightlines for vehicles on adjoining premises or corner lots.
• Residents must not use visitor parking spaces.

Utility trailers may be placed in the backyard if they can be moved by hand and do not damage the lawn or block access to the RHU.

Parking or storage of recreational vehicles is subject to the conditions outlined in section 3.15.2 Recreational vehicles and section 3.16 Occupant owned recreational equipment below.

3.15.2 Recreational vehicles

Recreational vehicles must not be used as temporary or permanent living accommodations.

Storage of recreational vehicles is not permitted on the premises on a permanent basis. However, subject to applicable provincial or territorial legislation, regulations, and municipal by-laws, the parking of one recreational vehicle may be permitted within the assigned parking space from April 1 to October 31.

During the off-season, recreational trailers, boats, and watercraft must be stored outside the RHU area. Sport and all-terrain vehicles are permitted only during their respective seasonal periods. Some bases and wings may have designated storage areas available; contact your HSC for more information.

The Occupant is responsible for any costs related to damage to the driveway or property resulting from the storage or parking of recreational vehicles.

All other parking requirements outlined in section 3.15.1 Parking also apply.

3.15.3 Maintenance and repairs

Occupants are only permitted to perform maintenance on their personal vehicles on their own premises and must be performed within 24 hours.

In choosing to make repairs to their vehicle on the premises, including separate garage, Occupants must take proper precautions to avoid damage and to maintain the health and safety of individuals, pets and environment. Please refer to section 3.12 Asphalt and concrete surfaces and section 3.14 Garages for more information.

During such repairs, vehicles must be able to be easily moved from the driveway to allow access to emergency response teams as well as maintenance/service providers, as required. Vehicles in driveways cannot be left unattended with open hoods, doors, or windows, or on blocks, jacks, hoists, etc., as this could pose a health and safety risk.

3.16 Occupant owned recreational equipment

All recreational equipment including, but not limited to, hammocks, swings, ziplines, forts, etc., which involve the use of trees is prohibited. The use of freestanding recreational equipment (such as trampolines or play structures) is permitted in the backyard, excluding common areas such as apartments.

The Occupant is responsible for the safe operation and repair of all the equipment placed on the premises and is liable in the event of injury. The Occupant may be asked to remove any unsightly recreational equipment. The Occupant is responsible for the removal at the end of their occupancy, restoring the grounds to their original condition, and all associated costs. Please refer to section 10.3 Restoration of grounds for more information.

Recreational equipment must be safely placed away from electrical lines, fences, sheds, and access routes. CFHA may require relocation or removal if it poses a safety risk, or causes damage to other structures.

Freestanding recreational equipment is not permitted in the front yard.

3.17 Common areas

Sidewalks, entry vestibules, hallways, and stairwells must remain clear. Personal items must be stored within the apartment or designated storage units. Items must not be permanently hung on doors, must not cause any damage to doors, and must not be left in common areas.

3.18 Balcony use – apartement complex

Balconies must be kept tidy, clean and free of unsightly items.

• Items must be secured to prevent movement due to wind.
• Planters must be placed inside the balcony and not affixed to railings or exterior walls.
• Use non-combustible soil and avoid flammable fertilizers.
• Tarps, clotheslines, and hanging laundry are not permitted.
• Feeding birds or other animals is prohibited.