Ypres, 1917
Première Guerre mondiale
Croquis des Flandres, 1917, et des progressions des armées belge, française et britannique au cours de l’été et du début de l’automne 1917.
Source : Croquis de Nicholson, dans Le CEC, 1914-1919, p. 332
Date
31 juillet – 10 novembre 1917
Paramètres géographiques
Le canal Comines-Ypres jusqu’à Voormezeele; de là, la route vers le château Vlamertinghe – le château Elverdinghe – Woesten – Bixschoote
Contexte
Honneur de groupe intégrant la « Bataille de la crête de Pilckem », la « Bataille de Langemarck, 1917 », la « Bataille de la crête de la route de Menin », la « Bataille du bois du Polygone », la « Bataille de Broodseinde », la « Bataille de Poelcappelle », la « Première bataille de Passchendaele » et la « Seconde bataille de Passchendaele », qui est officiellement appelé « Les batailles d’Ypres, 1917 » et qui fait lui-même partie de « L’offensive des Flandres (7 juin – 10 novembre 1917) »Note de bas de page 1.
Description
L’honneur « Ypres 1917 » a été attribué comme honneur de campagne pour la série d’attaques qui a mené à la prise de Passchendaele. Cette campagne, entamée le 31 juillet, prévoit une percée dans les lignes allemandes, mais elle finit plutôt par constituer une série d’attaques qui grugent lentement les positions allemandes et épuisent leurs forces. Le mauvais temps, combiné au terrain bas et à la boue des Flandres, rend les conditions de combat et de vie difficiles tant pour les attaquants que pour les défenseurs. L’espoir d’une percée par le haut commandement britannique ne se concrétise jamais, mais les attaques répétées se poursuivent afin de continuer à faire pression sur les forces allemandes et d’ainsi, en partie, atténuer celle qui est exercée sur les Français. La majeure partie de la participation canadienne à cette campagne a servi à clore la prise de la crête de Passchendaele. Cette bataille d’usure a entraîné d’énormes pertes des deux côtés.
Passchendaele, transformée en champ de boue. Novembre 1917. Il s’agit de la moitié droite du panorama. L’ensemble se trouve sous PA-040139, et la moitié gauche, sous PA-040140.
Source : William Rider-Rider/Canada. Ministère de la Défense nationale/Bibliothèque et Archives Canada/PA-040141 (No MIKAN 3643039)
Carte de la bataille de Passchendaele, du 26 octobre au 10 novembre 1917.
Source : Carte de Nicholson, dans Le CEC, 1914-1919, p. 354.
Attribution :
Unités actuellement en service
- 26e Régiment d’artillerie de campagne, ARC
Attribution : The Manitoba Rangers (GO 71/30) - 31e Régiment du génie (The Elgin's)
Attribution : The Elgin Regiment (GO 71/30) - 42nd Field Artillery Regiment (Lanark and Renfrew Scottish), RCA
Attribution : The Lanark and Renfrew Scottish Regiment (GO 71/30) - 48th Highlanders of Canada
Attribution : 15th Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29) et The 48th Regiment (Highlanders) (GO 110/29) - 49e Régiment d’artillerie de campagne, ARC
Attribution : The Sault Ste. Marie Regiment (GO 71/30) - 56e Régiment d’artillerie de campagne, ARC
Attribution : 4th Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29), The Dufferin Rifles of Canada (GO 110/29), et The Haldimand Rifles (GO 71/30) - 64th Field Battery, RCA
Attribution : The Yorkton Regiment (GO 71/30) - 116e Régiment autonome de campagne, ARC
Attribution : The Kenora Light Infantry (GO 71/30) - The Algonquin Regiment
Attribution : The Northern Pioneers (GO 71/30) - The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders of Canada (Princess Louise’s)
Attribution : 19th Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29) et The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders of Canada (Princess Louise's) (GO 110/29) - The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada
AAttribution : 13th Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29), 42nd Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29), et The Royal Highlanders of Canada (GO 110/29) - The British Columbia Dragoons
Attribution : 2nd Canadian Mounted Rifles Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29) et The British Columbia Dragoons (GO 110/29) - The British Columbia Regiment (Duke of Connaught’s Own)
Attribution : 7th Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 71/30), 29th Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 123/29), 102nd Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29), 1st British Columbia Regiment (Duke of Connaught's Own) (GO 110/29), The North British Columbia Regiment (GO 123/29), The Irish Fusiliers of Canada (GO 71/30), et The Vancouver Regiment (GO 71/30) - The Calgary Highlanders
Attribution : 10th Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 123/29) et The Calgary Highlanders (GO 110/29) - The Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa
Attribution : 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 123/29) et The Ottawa Highlanders (GO 110/29) - The Canadian Grenadier Guards
Attribution : 87th Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29) et The Canadian Grenadier Guards (GO 110/29) - The Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary’s)
Attribution : 16th Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29) et The Canadian Scottish Regiment (GO 110/29) - The Cape Breton Highlanders
Attribution : 85th Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29) et The Cape Breton Highlanders (GO 110/29) - The Essex and Kent Scottish
Attribution : 18th Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29), The Essex Scottish (GO 110/29) et The Kent Regiment (GO 71/30) - The Fort Garry Horse
Attribution : The Manitoba Horse (GO 144/31) - Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal
Attribution : Les Carabiniers Mont-Royal (GO 71/30) - Governor General's Foot Guards
Attribution : 2nd Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 123/29) et The Governor General's Foot Guards (GO 71/30 and GO 32/32) - The Governor General's Horse Guards
Attribution : 4th Canadian Mounted Rifles Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29), The Governor General's Body Guard (GO 71/30 et GO 112/35), et The Mississauga Horse (GO 110/29) - The Grey and Simcoe Foresters
Attribution : The Grey Regiment (GO 71/30) et The Simcoe Foresters (GO 71/30) - The Halifax Rifles (RCAC)
Attribution : The Halifax Rifles (GO 71/30) - The Hastings and Prince Edward Regiment
Attribution : The Hastings and Prince Edward Regiment (GO 71/30), The Argyll Light Infantry (GO 71/30), et The Northumberland Regiment (GO 71/30) - Irish Regiment of Canada
Irish - The King's Own Calgary Regiment (RCAC)
Attribution : 50th Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29) et The Calgary Regiment (GO 110/29) - The Lake Superior Scottish Regiment
Attribution : 52nd Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 123/29) et The Lake Superior Regiment (GO 110/29) - The Lincoln and Welland Regiment
Attribution : The Lincoln Regiment (GO 71/30) et The Lincoln and Welland Regiment (GO 71/30) - The Lorne Scots (Peel, Dufferin and Halton Regiment)
Attribution : The Halton Rifles (GO 71/30) et The Peel and Dufferin Regiment (GO 71/30) - The Loyal Edmonton Regiment (4th Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry)
Attribution : 49th Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29) et The Edmonton Regiment (GO 110/29) - The North Saskatchewan Regiment
Attribution : 1st Canadian Mounted Rifles Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29), 5th Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29), The Saskatchewan Mounted Rifles (GO 110/29), The Saskatoon Light Infantry (GO 110/29), et The Prince Albert Volunteers (GO 71/30) - The North Shore (New Brunswick) Regiment
Attribution : The North Shore (New Brunswick) Regiment (GO 71/30). - The Nova Scotia Highlanders
Attribution : 25th Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 123/29), The Colchester and Hants Regiment (GO 110/29), et The Cumberland Highlanders (GO 71/30) - The Ontario Regiment (RCAC)
Attribution : 116th Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29) et The Ontario Regiment (GO 123/29) - The Prince Edward Island Regiment (RCAC)
Attribution : The Prince Edward Island Light Horse (GO 71/30) et The Prince Edward Island Highlanders (GO 71/30) - The Princess Louise Fusiliers
Attribution :The Princess Louise Fusiliers (GO 71/30) - The Princess of Wales' Own Regiment
Attribution : 21st Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 123/29) et The Princess of Wales' Own Regiment (GO 110/29) - Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry
Attribution : Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry (GO 123/29) - The Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders of Canada
Attribution : 43rd Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29) et The Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders of Canada (GO 110/29) - The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada
Attribution : 3rd Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 123/29) et The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada (GO 110/29) - The Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regiment) (RCAC)
Attribution : 20th Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29), 127th Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 71/30), The Queen's Rangers, 1st American Regiment (GO 110/29), et The York Rangers (GO 71/30) - Le Régiment de Maisonneuve
Attribution : par perpétuation du 41st Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (CAO Partie 33-1 et 229-1 10 Juillet 1961) - The Rocky Mountain Rangers
Attribution : The Rocky Mountain Rangers (GO 71/30) - Royal 22e Régiment
Attribution : Royal 22e Régiment (GO 110/29) - The Royal Canadian Hussars (Montreal)
Attribution : 1st Canadian Motor Machine Gun Brigade, CEF (GO 110/29) et 1st Motor Machine Gun Brigade (GO 110/29) - The Royal Canadian Regiment
Attribution : 1st Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29), The Royal Canadian Regiment (GO 110/29), The Canadian Fusiliers (City of London Regiment) (GO 110/29), et The Oxford Rifles (GO 71/30) - The Royal Hamilton Light Infantry (Wentworth Regiment)
Attribution : 4th Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29), The Royal Hamilton Light Infantry (GO 110/29), et The Wentworth Regiment (GO 71/30) - The Royal Highland Fusiliers of Canada
Attribution : The Highland Light Infantry of Canada (GO 71/30) - The Royal Montreal Regiment
Attribution : 14th Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29) et The Royal Montreal Regiment (GO 110/29) - The Royal New Brunswick Regiment
Attribution : 26th Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29), The Carleton Light Infantry (GO 110/29), The Saint John Fusiliers (GO 110/29), The York Regiment (GO 71/30), et The New Brunswick Rangers (GO 71/30) - The Royal Newfoundland Regiment
Attribution : The Royal Newfoundland Regiment (attribution au Royal Newfoundland Regiment [1914-1919] [Adjudant général, War Office, au secrétaire officiel, Haut-Commissariat du Canada, 14 déc. 1951]). - The Royal Regiment of Canada
Attribution : 3rd Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 123/29), 58th Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29), 123rd Canadian Pioneer Battalion, CEF (GO 123/29), 124th Canadian Pioneer Battalion, CEF (GO 123/29), The Royal Grenadiers (GO 110/29), et The Toronto Regiment (GO 110/29) - The Royal Regina Rifles
Attribution : 28th Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29) et The Regina Rifle Regiment (GO 110/29) - The Royal Westminster Regiment
Attribution : 47th Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29) et The Westminster Regiment (GO 110/29) - The Royal Winnipeg Rifles
Attribution : 8th Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29), 10th Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 123/29), 27th Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 123/29), 44th Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29), The Winnipeg Rifles (GO 110/29), et The Winnipeg Light Infantry (GO 110/29) - The Saskatchewan Dragoons
Attribution : 46th Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29) et The King's Own Rifles of Canada (GO 110/29) - The Seaforth Highlanders of Canada
Attribution : 72nd Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 5/31) et The Seaforth Highlanders of Canada (GO 5/31) - The Sherbrooke Hussars
Attribution : 5th Canadian Mounted Rifles Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29), The Sherbrooke Regiment (GO 71/30), et 7th/11th Hussars (GO 10/39) - The South Alberta Light Horse
- Attribution : 31st Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29), The South Alberta Regiment (GO 110/29), et The Edmonton Fusiliers (GO 71/30)
- Stormont, Dundas and Glfraarry Highlanders
Attribution : The Stormont, Dundas et Glengarry Highlanders (GO 71/30) - The Toronto Scottish Regiment (Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother's Own)
Attribution : 75th Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29) et The Toronto Scottish Regiment (GO 110/29) - Les Voltigeurs de Québec
Attribution : Les Voltigeurs de Québec (GO 71/30) - The West Nova Scotia Regiment
Attribution : The Annapolis Regiment (GO 71/30) et The Lunenburg Regiment (GO 71/30)
Unités inscrites sur l’ordre de bataille supplémentaire
- 11th Field Squadron, RCE
Attribution : The Lambton Regiment (GO 71/30) - 14th Canadian Hussars
Attribution : 14th Canadian Light Horse (GO 5/31) - 24th Field Artillery Regiment, RCA
Attribution : 54th Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29) et The Kootenay Regiment (GO 110/29) - 26th Field Battery, RCA
Attribution : The Lambton Regiment (GO 71/30) - 27th Field Artillery Regiment, RCA
Attribution : The Eastern Townships Mounted Rifles (GO 110/29) - 33rd Medium Artillery Regiment, RCA
Attribution : The Frontenac Regiment (GO 71/30) - 48th Field Squadron, RCE
Attribution : The Lambton Regiment (GO 71/30) - 50th Field Artillery Regiment (The Prince of Wales' Rangers), RCA
Attribution : 2nd Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 123/29), The Peterborough Rangers (GO 110/29), et The Victoria and Haliburton Regiment (GO 71/30) - 118th Medium Battery, RCA
Attribution : 1st Canadian Mounted Rifles Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29) et The Manitoba Mounted Rifles (GO 5/31) - 202nd Field Battery, RCA
Attribution : The Yorkton Regiment (GO 71/30) - The Royal Rifles of Canada
Attribution : The Royal Rifles of Canada (GO 71/30) - Victoria Rifles of Canada
- Attribution : 24th Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29) et The Victoria Rifles of Canada (GO 110/29)
- The Winnipeg Grenadiers
Attribution : 78th Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29) et The Winnipeg Grenadiers (GO 110/29)
Unités dissoutes
- 1st Canadian Pioneer Battalion, CEF
Attribution : 1st Canadian Pioneer Battalion, CEF (GO 88/31) - 2nd Canadian Pioneer Battalion, CEF
Attribution : 2nd Canadian Pioneer Battalion, CEF (GO 123/29) - 16th/17th (Reserve) Medium Battery, RCA
Attribution : The Kenora Light Infantry (GO 71/30) - 107th Canadian Pioneer Battalion, CEF
Attribution : 107th Canadian Pioneer Battalion, CEF (GO 123/29) - The Irish Canadian Rangers
Attribution : The Irish Canadian Rangers (GO 71/30) - The Irish Canadian Rangers
Attribution : The Manitoba Regiment (GO 123/29) - McGill University Contingent (148th Bn., C.E.F.), The Canadian Officers' Training Corps
Attribution : McGill University Contingent (148th Bn., C.E.F.), The Canadian Officers' Training Corps (GO 136/32) - The Middlesex and Huron Regiment
Attribution : The Middlesex Light Infantry (GO 71/30) - The North Alberta Regiment
Attribution : 31st Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (GO 110/29) et The North Alberta Regiment (GO 110/29)