Volcanic activity
A volcano is an opening in Earth's crust where molten rock (lava when above the surface, magma when below the surface), volcanic ash (tiny particles of shattered rock) and volcanic gases escape. Most volcanic eruptions happen after hundreds or thousands of very small earthquakes, ground deformation (swelling or sinking), gas emissions, and other changes that can be detected by monitoring with scientific instruments.
Why prepare for volcanic activity
Volcanic activity in Canada is rare but possible. Volcanoes pose many different hazards, some of which only affect areas very close to a volcano, while volcanic ash can affect areas hundreds or thousands of km away. All potentially active volcanoes in Canada are in British Columbia (BC) and in the Yukon. The Tseax cone eruption in northwest BC around the year 1700 C.E. (1700 A.D.), which killed 2000 people, is the only historically known volcanic eruption in Canada, and is recorded in the oral histories of the Nisga'a Nation.
What to do
Before a volcanic eruption
Areas affected by volcanic hazards and how to prepare and protect yourself.
During a volcanic eruption
Key actions to take during a volcanic eruption.
After a volcanic eruption
Assess the situation and be prepared for additional hazards.
Where to start
You can protect your household by learning more about volcanoes and by taking proper precautions. Make sure that your household is prepared.
- Prepare your emergency kit. Learn more about what items to put in your kit, including quick and easy steps you can take right away
- Make a household emergency plan. Consider the specific needs of all members of your household, including older adults, children, pets, and anyone with special health needs
Features
Volcanoes Canada
Information on volcanoes in Canada.
Volcanic Monitoring
Learn how volcanic activity is monitored in Canada.