Appendix B: Assessment and diagnosis of FASD among adults: a national and international systematic review – Evaluation and management of frontal lobe functions
Appendix B: Evaluation and management of frontal lobe functions
Source: Grafman, & Litvan (1999, p. 1922)
| Prefrontal cortical area | Cognitive domain | Neurobehavioral probe Footnote * (always compared with premorbid behavior) | Management |
|---|---|---|---|
|
|||
| Ventromedial | Social skills | Does the patient make inappropriate sexual remarks, eat excessively, or disobey other types of social rules of behavior? | Pharmacological agents; behavioural management |
| Inhibition of prepotent | Does the patient exhibit stereotyped behaviors such as repeating the same phrase or activities over and over again? | Pharmacological agents; behavioural management | |
| Motivation and reward | Does the patient still enjoy the same activities or items that they used to? | Pharmacological agents; behavioural management | |
| Medial | Allocation of attention | Is the patient's concentration distracted by irrelevant sounds or sights in the environment? | Environmental control: Pharmacological agents? |
| Predictive planning | Can the patient do routine activities, such as using an automatic bank teller or using a tea kettle to make a cup of tea? | Environmental control | |
| Frontopolar | Adaptive planning | Can the patient be interrupted in the middle of a conversation to answer the telephone and then after hanging up the telephone appropriately resume the conversation without cueing? | Environmental control |
| Dorsolateral | Rehearsing short-term plans | Can the patient remember a telephone number after a very brief pause? | Cognitive strategies |
| Reasoning | Can the patient explain how two objects are similar (e.g. table and chair are both furniture), deduce an answer to a mystery, or adjust to an unforeseen demand or event? | Cognitive strategies | |
| Thematic understanding | Can the patient read a short article or watch a brief television programme and get the point or theme of what they read or watched? | Cognitive strategies | |
