Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada
Research reports
Analytical research reports are prepared to support Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada’s research program, which furthers our understanding of the impact of immigration on Canadian society.
2026
- Economic well-being among immigrant and Canadian-born families: The joint distribution of income and wealth August 2026
- Disparities between immigrant and Canadian-born families across the wealth distribution July 2026
- Occupational match and economic outcomes of recent immigrants: A broad assessment May 2026
- A framework for projecting housing use associated with immigrants and non-permanent residents April 2026
- Socioeconomic correlates of loneliness among immigrants with disabilities April 2026
- Trends in the wealth gap between immigrant and Canadian-born families from 2016 to 2023 March 2026
- Economic outcomes of provincial nominees: Differences between Express Entry and non-Express Entry February 2026
2025
- Modelling the impact of immigration on student numbers December 2025
- Educational attainment and employment among immigrants with disabilities December 2025
- Source country matters: Citizenship trends among recent immigrants in Australia and Canada November 2025
- Francophone immigrants with foreign teacher education amid French teacher shortages outside Quebec November 2025
- Immigrant nurses in Canada: Alignment between intentions and employment outcomes September 2025
- Economic outcomes of official language minority permanent residents August 2025
- The occupational outcomes of provincial nominees August 2025
- Fields of study and occupations of immigrants who were international students in Canada before immigration July 2025
- The labour market within Francophone minority communities: Comparative experiences of the international student population and the Canadian-born student population July 2025
- Experiences of French-speaking immigrants in rural communities in Northern Ontario and Northern New Brunswick July 2025
- Citizenship and the economic outcomes of immigrants in Canada June 2025
- Immigration and housing prices across municipalities in Canada June 2025
- Estimating immigrant citizenship rates in Canada and the United States: Data sources and comparability issues June 2025
- Housing use of immigrants and non-permanent residents in ownership and rental markets May 2025
- Citizenship acquisition and active presence of Immigrants in Canada May 2025
- Economic and fiscal performance of immigrant-owned firms in Canada February 2025
2024
- Immigrants’ age at arrival and social networks in Canada December 2024
- Municipal variations in the housing arrangements of international students December 2024
- Do international students and temporary foreign workers pay more than Canadian-born individuals in the rental market? October 2024
- The provision of higher- and lower-skilled immigrant labour to the Canadian economy September 2024
- Differences in confidence in public institutions across generations of Canadians August 2024
- Housing international students: Housing suitability across municipalities May 2024
- The social networks of immigrant women April 2024
- Economic outcomes of government-assisted refugees in designated destinations: The effect of city size March 2024
- Foreign workers in Canada: Labour force attachment among temporary residents with paid employment in 2019 March 2024
- Immigration and the shifting occupational distribution in Canada, 2001 to 2021 March 2024
- The Provincial Nominee Program: Provincial differences March 2024
- Temporary foreign workers in primary agriculture in Canada: Transition from temporary residency to permanent residency and industry retention after transition March 2024
- Use of government COVID-19 liquidity support programs by immigrant-owned businesses and those owned by Canadian-born individuals March 2024
- The decline in the citizenship rate among recent immigrants to Canada: Update to 2021 February 2024
- Earnings of one-step and two-step economic immigrants: Comparisons from the arrival year January 2024
- Temporary foreign workers with lower-skill occupations in the accommodation and food services industry: Transition to permanent residency and industrial retention after transition January 2024
- Temporary foreign workers with lower-skill occupations in the food manufacturing industry: Transition to permanent residency and industrial retention after transition January 2024
- The short-term labour market outcomes of blended visa office-referred refugees January 2024
2023
- Provincial Nominee Program: Recent trends and provincial differences in earnings outcomes December 2023
- The Provincial Nominee Program: Retention in province of landing November 2023
- The effect of parents’ education and income on the educational attainment of childhood immigrants September 2023
- The Provincial Nominee Program: Its expansion in Canada July 2023
- Immigrants’ sense of belonging to Canada by province of residence June 2023
- Do university-educated immigrants recover economically from a slow start? May 2023
- An examination of in-hospital deliveries in Canada outside Quebec: Analytical report March 2023
- Pathways to permanent residency for French-speaking skilled temporary foreign workers - Atlantic Provinces March 2023
- Pathways to permanent residency for French-speaking skilled temporary foreign workers - Ontario March 2023
- Pathways to permanent residency for English-speaking skilled temporary foreign workers - Quebec March 2023
- Pathways to permanent residency for French-speaking skilled temporary foreign workers - Western Provinces March 2023
- Official language proficiency and immigrant labour market outcomes: Evidence from test-based multidimensional measures of language skills January 2023
2022
- Perceptions of shared values in Canadian society among the immigrant population December 2022
- Occupational outcomes of immigrants: Lower versus higher skilled jobs April 2022
- International students as a source of labour supply: A summary of recent trends March 2022
- Immigrant labour market outcomes during recessions: Comparing the early 1990s, late 2000s and COVID-19 recessions February 2022
- International students as a source of labour supply: Pre-immigration study in Canada and post-immigration earnings February 2022
- Transition to permanent residency by lower- and higher-skilled temporary foreign workers January 2022
- International students as a source of labour supply: Engagement in the labour market after graduation January 2022
2021
- International students as a source of labour supply: Engagement in the labour market during the period of study November 2021
- The labour market outcomes of economic immigrants in the skilled trades November 2021
- International students as a source of labour supply: The growing number of international students and their changing socio-demographic characteristics July 2021
- Racism, discrimination and migrant workers in Canada: Evidence from the literature July 2021
- Access to mental health consultations by immigrants and refugees in Canada June 2021
- International students as a source of labour supply: Retention in their province of study June 2021
- International students as a source of labour supply: Transition to permanent residency June 2021
- Are the gaps in labour market outcomes between immigrants and their Canadian-born counterparts starting to close? April 2021
- Foreign workers in the Canadian agriculture industry April 2021
- Foreign workers in the Canadian food manufacturing industry April 2021
- Estimating immigrants’ presence in Canada within the context of increasingly fluid international migration patterns March 2021
- Criminal careers of intimate partner abusers: Generalists or specialists? February 2021
- Early earnings trajectories of international students after graduation from postsecondary programs February 2021
2020
- Long-term labour market integration of refugee claimants who became permanent residents in Canada November 2020
- A Canada–U.S. comparison of the economic outcomes of STEM immigrants September 2020
- Immigration and firm productivity: Evidence from the Canadian Employer-Employee Dynamics Database September 2020
- Economic Insights Series - Two-step Immigration Selection: Skilled work experience vs. pre-arranged jobs August 2020
- Economic Insights Series - Two-step Immigration Selection: Why did immigrant labour market outcomes vary by admission programs? August 2020
- The mental health of immigrants and refugees: Canadian evidence from a nationally linked database August 2020
- Transitions into and out of employment by immigrants during the COVID-19 lockdown and recovery August 2020
- Economic Insights series - Two-step Immigration Selection: An analysis of its expansion in Canada July 2020
- Economic Insights series - Two-step Immigration Selection: Recent trends in immigrant labour market outcomes July 2020
- Economic Insights series - Two-step Immigration Selection: A review of benefits and potential challenges July 2020
- Innovation in immigrant-owned firms in Canada June 2020
- Regulatory approaches to international labour recruitment in Canada (PDF, 3.7 MB) June 2020
- Francophone immigrant business owners in minority communities: Challenges and incentives March 2020
- French-speaking immigrant teachers living in Francophone minority communities: Understanding and facilitating their professional integration pathways (PDF, 942.6 KB) March 2020
- Occupational integration in healthcare by French-speaking immigrants living in minority communities March 2020
- Which immigration selection factors best predict the earnings of economic principal applicants? March 2020
- International Metropolis Conference 2019: Final report January 2020
2019
- Skill utilization and earnings of STEM-educated immigrants in Canada: Differences by degree level and field of study December 2019
- Trends in the citizenship rate among new immigrants to Canada November 2019
- The impact of immigrant business ownership on international trade May 2019
- Immigrant entrepreneurs as job creators: The case of Canadian private incorporated companies April 2019
- The wealth of immigrant families in Canada April 2019
- Labour market outcomes among refugees to Canada March 2019
2018
- Economic immigrants in gateway cities: Factors involved in their initial location and onward migration decisions December 2018
- The financing of immigrant-owned firms in Canada June 2018
- Skills proficiency of immigrants in Canada: Findings from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) (PDF, 5.78 MB) April 2018
- Settlement and integration of French-speaking refugees in a Francophone OLMC: The case of Winnipeg and Saint Boniface, 2006 to 2016 February 2018
2017
- Chronic low income among immigrants in Canada and its communities September 2017
- Interprovincial mobility: Retention rates and net inflow rates, 2008-2013 landings September 2017
- International students, immigration and earnings growth: The effect of a pre-immigration Canadian university education August 2017
- Labour market outcomes of immigrant women who arrive as dependants of economic principal applicants February 2017
- Transition from temporary foreign workers to permanent residents over the 1990s and 2000s February 2017
- Demosim: An overview of methods and data sources January 2017
- Immigration and diversity: Population projections for Canada and its regions, 2011 to 2036 January 2017
- Language projections for Canada, 2011 to 2036 January 2017
- Spaces of encounter: Social and cultural integration experiences of French-speaking immigrants and refugees in Francophone minority communities January 2017
- Spousal characteristics and the selection of economic immigrants January 2017
Older research reports are preserved by Library and Archives Canada within the Government of Canada Web Archive.