Enhanced Fujita scale damage indicators and degrees of damage, chapter 15
Elementary Schools (ES)
Typical Construction:
- Typically one storey with flat roofs; CMU bearing walls with brick veneer, stucco or EIFS cladding; walls can have a large percentage of window glass
- Building may contain a small gym or cafeteria with moderately long spans between supports
- Buildings have long interior hallways with bearing or non-bearing walls
- BUR, single-ply membrane or metal standing seam roof panels; metal or plywood roof decking supporting rigid insulation boards or a lightweight poured gypsum deck
- Roof structure consists of open web steel joists bearing on exterior walls and steel interior girders; exterior non-bearing walls constructed with CMUs, glass curtain walls or metal studs with brick veneer, stucco or EIFS cladding
| DOD | Damage Description | EXP* | LB* | UB* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Threshold of visible damage | 105 | 75 | 130 |
| 2 | Loss of roof covering (less than 20%) | 125 | 105 | 160 |
| 3 | Broken windows | 140 | 115 | 170 |
| 4 | Exterior door failures | 160 | 135 | 190 |
| 5 | Uplift of some roof decking; significant loss of roofing material (more than 20%); loss of rooftop HVAC | 165 | 130 | 195 |
| 6 | Damage to or loss of wall cladding | 175 | 150 | 205 |
| 7 | Uplift or collapse of roof structure | 200 | 175 | 240 |
| 8 | Collapse of non-bearing walls | 225 | 190 | 260 |
| 9 | Collapse of load-bearing walls | 245 | 210 | 290 |
| 10 | Total destruction of a large section of or entire building | 285 | 245 | 325 |
*All wind speeds in km/h