Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in Canada. It occurs when cells in the lung tissue behave differently and grow out of control which can then develop into a tumor.  It is estimated that tobacco smoking is responsible for 70% of all lung cancers in Canada.^{Footnote 1}

Screening

Who should be screened for lung cancer?

Eligibility for screening depends on the number of ‘pack years’ years’ smoked. Your healthcare provider will do an assessment on the number of ‘pack years’ smoked to help determine your risk. Generally, people who are heavy smokers (such as one pack a day or more) and have smoked for 20 years or more (present or in the past) should speak to their healthcare provider to see if they are recommended for screening. 

How do they screen?

Lung cancer screening is done by using a low dose Computed Tomography (CT) scan of the chest.  

How often should I get screening?

If you are eligible for screening, you will get a low dose CT scan every year, for three years in a row or until your healthcare provider advises you that you would not benefit from screening anymore. This will be coordinated by your healthcare provider.

Results

Your primary healthcare provider will be given your results. If you have a positive test result you may need additional testing to confirm a diagnosis. You will be contacted to discuss the next steps in your care.

What are the signs and symptoms of lung cancer

Lung cancer may not cause symptoms until the tumor has grown large or spreads to other areas of your body. It is very important to get lung cancer screening if you are at risk since symptoms exhibit so late.  

Signs and symptoms can include:  

• A cough that persists or gets worse overtime
• Chest pain, that gets worse when you cough or deep breathe
• Coughing up blood or rust-colored spit
• Hoarseness (voice sounding scratchy for no reason)
• Voice changes
• Shortness of breath
• Wheezing
• Difficulty swallowing
• Swollen lymph nodes around the neck or collar bone
• Unusual weight loss, loss of appetite, or fatigue  

If you have any of these signs or symptoms, seek care right away*

What are the risk factors of developing lung cancer?

Smoking tobacco (cigarettes) is estimated to be responsible for over 70% of all lung cancers. Other factors that can increase the risk of developing lung cancer include a personal history of lung cancer, as well as chronic exposure to:

• Second-hand smoke
• Asbestos, welding fumes, exposure to toxic metals such beryllium, cadmium, and arsenic 
• Air pollution
• Radon
• Various occupational chemicals 

For a more comprehensive list of risk factors, visit:  Risk factors for lung cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

Reducing your risk of developing lung cancer

• Quitting smoking can greatly reduce your risk of developing lung cancer: 
  • Your healthcare provider can support you with a smoking cessation plan and provide medication options that suit your individual needs 
  • Contact your local health promotion office through CFMWS / PSP to ask about smoking cessation programs you can attend  
• Avoid spaces that have second-hand smoke or other lung irritants 
• Wear the appropriate respiratory protective equipment at work or at home to reduce your exposure to irritants and fumes