"Canadian species index by system, 1970 to 2023",,,,,, ,,,,,, Year,Terrestrial index (cumulative percent change since 1970),Number of terrestrial species,Freshwater index (cumulative percent change since 1970),Number of freshwater species,Marine index (cumulative percent change since 1970),Number of marine species 1970,0,264,0,73,0,100 1971,-0.6,267,1.67,74,4.63,108 1972,-1.49,268,2.74,73,8.48,101 1973,-2.66,270,3.5,77,10.73,118 1974,-4.55,269,4.45,73,12.36,131 1975,-5.76,267,5.61,77,12.96,116 1976,-6.49,265,5.88,78,12.41,127 1977,-7.03,269,5.46,79,11.5,128 1978,-7.03,263,5.83,77,10.29,132 1979,-6.99,266,6.85,78,9.78,136 1980,-6.62,281,8.09,83,9.32,138 1981,-6.38,281,9.5,84,8.7,139 1982,-6.85,279,10.27,81,7.94,149 1983,-7.34,279,10.79,82,7.3,150 1984,-7.52,282,11.7,89,6.83,179 1985,-7.67,283,11.97,86,6.96,159 1986,-7.74,281,12.24,96,5.88,163 1987,-7.87,289,11.46,92,4.32,188 1988,-7.39,284,11.95,95,2.25,162 1989,-6.78,289,12.41,95,-0.15,183 1990,-6.49,295,13.53,99,-2.15,159 1991,-7.16,297,13.57,95,-3.36,184 1992,-8.21,296,14.07,114,-4.17,159 1993,-9.13,302,17.5,118,-3.94,191 1994,-9.88,302,22.39,125,-2.64,169 1995,-10.3,306,25.18,122,-2.46,162 1996,-10,301,26.13,126,-2.45,166 1997,-10.06,309,24.59,129,-2.41,141 1998,-11.14,306,22.82,131,-3.01,174 1999,-12.82,310,21.96,147,-3.4,146 2000,-14.39,309,20.73,150,-3.74,169 2001,-16.01,312,23.16,157,-4.21,147 2002,-17.08,311,25.11,158,-5.02,164 2003,-17.35,304,24.99,164,-5.42,207 2004,-17.11,305,23.93,161,-5.38,233 2005,-16.81,307,22.79,162,-4.77,259 2006,-16.8,305,21.51,168,-4.66,253 2007,-17.22,305,21.29,162,-4.42,283 2008,-18.48,296,20.07,166,-4.4,253 2009,-20.17,297,18.78,167,-4.7,254 2010,-21.87,298,17.94,162,-5.13,259 2011,-23.33,295,17.77,168,-5.8,256 2012,-24.39,296,17.31,166,-6.73,245 2013,-24.88,294,16.15,162,-6.44,240 2014,-25.44,296,15.15,161,-5.52,226 2015,-25.72,291,14.61,158,-4.18,234 2016,-25.87,291,14.33,159,-3.02,222 2017,-26.12,292,13.11,153,-3.08,153 2018,-26.68,288,9.52,147,-2.56,161 2019,-27.22,282,9.29,136,-1.58,141 2020,-27.54,267,9.46,101,-0.38,131 2021,-27.16,264,8.73,116,0.7,139 2022,-26.11,210,7.23,111,-0.67,73 2023,-25.57,196,5.44,106,-1.76,6 ,,,,,, "Note: Trends are calculated based on the proportional change in population abundance for monitored vertebrate species. All species are weighted equally, such that a species that doubled in population would be balanced out by a species that declined by half. The degree of variability of the system analysis can be seen in the Assessment of uncertainty (www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/environmental-indicators/canadian-species-index.html#AOU). Direct comparisons with the previous version of the index cannot be made as there are differences in data availability across the whole time-series. See Recent changes (www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/environmental-indicators/canadian-species-index.html#recent-changes).",,,,,, Source: Zoological Society of London (2026).,,,,,, Available on the Environmental indicators website (www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/environmental-indicators.html).,,,,,,