"Canadian species index, 1970 to 2023",,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, Year,National index (cumulative percentage change since 1970),Number of species,Birds index (cumulative percentage change since 1970),Number of bird species,Mammals index (cumulative percentage change since 1970),Number of mammal species,Fish index (cumulative percentage change since 1970),Number of fish species 1970,0,436,0,325,0,27,0,84 1971,0.77,448,0.31,325,-9.13,32,6.06,91 1972,1.18,441,0.52,326,-16.24,33,10.29,82 1973,1.1,464,0.66,328,-22,39,12.23,97 1974,0.55,472,0.78,329,-30.1,36,13.65,107 1975,0.21,459,0.84,329,-34.69,34,14.38,94 1976,-0.27,469,0.63,331,-36.41,32,13.98,104 1977,-0.85,475,0.19,331,-36.55,39,13.07,103 1978,-1.08,471,-0.24,333,-33.82,28,11.92,108 1979,-1.04,479,-0.32,335,-31.85,30,11.4,113 1980,-0.8,501,-0.1,353,-29.65,30,10.78,117 1981,-0.66,503,0.08,353,-27.74,30,10.03,119 1982,-1.04,508,0,353,-29.16,31,9.21,122 1983,-1.4,510,-0.24,353,-30.52,27,8.68,128 1984,-1.51,549,-0.46,357,-30.05,31,8.61,159 1985,-1.54,527,-0.6,357,-29.98,32,8.89,131 1986,-1.92,539,-0.68,357,-29.99,30,7.45,145 1987,-2.62,568,-0.58,358,-30.57,40,4.88,162 1988,-2.99,539,-0.23,358,-27.88,39,1.98,135 1989,-3.42,566,0.13,358,-24.98,42,-1.28,159 1990,-3.79,552,0.15,359,-21.93,48,-4.1,134 1991,-4.54,575,-0.2,360,-21.67,45,-6.26,157 1992,-5.27,568,-0.66,360,-22.65,46,-7.68,148 1993,-5.11,609,-1.09,360,-22.84,54,-6.44,179 1994,-4.27,595,-1.66,360,-21.53,56,-3.09,161 1995,-3.97,589,-2.42,361,-17.62,58,-1.33,152 1996,-3.63,592,-3.1,361,-11.13,55,-1.43,155 1997,-3.89,578,-3.59,361,-6.67,62,-3.34,132 1998,-4.94,610,-4.14,361,-6.61,60,-6.06,164 1999,-6.07,602,-5.11,361,-8.7,63,-7.82,151 2000,-7.2,628,-6.36,362,-11.22,62,-8.79,180 2001,-7.72,615,-7.51,362,-14.7,66,-7.52,162 2002,-8.13,631,-8.21,362,-17.17,62,-7.35,183 2003,-8.4,672,-8.57,362,-17.17,58,-8.24,228 2004,-8.45,693,-8.69,362,-14.42,52,-9.31,254 2005,-8.31,721,-8.62,362,-10.93,54,-9.86,280 2006,-8.42,714,-8.59,362,-7.68,55,-10.51,270 2007,-8.5,740,-9.03,362,-5.97,59,-10.68,299 2008,-9.19,704,-10.04,362,-7.11,48,-11.06,277 2009,-10.13,708,-11.15,362,-10.61,49,-11.47,280 2010,-11.07,707,-11.89,361,-15.39,54,-11.87,276 2011,-11.9,713,-12.23,360,-20.96,51,-12.29,287 2012,-12.69,701,-12.48,360,-25.18,44,-13.11,283 2013,-12.92,687,-12.75,360,-25.41,46,-13.37,266 2014,-13.02,677,-12.9,360,-27.26,45,-13.03,259 2015,-12.8,677,-12.96,360,-27.67,33,-12.28,268 2016,-12.58,666,-13.21,359,-27.6,31,-11.29,259 2017,-13.01,596,-13.8,359,-26.67,32,-11.39,188 2018,-13.89,594,-14.51,356,-27.25,29,-11.47,198 2019,-14.03,557,-15.08,353,-28.98,21,-10.71,179 2020,-13.9,499,-15.52,322,-29.27,25,-9.55,149 2021,-13.6,519,-15.63,322,-23.84,25,-9.3,169 2022,-13.55,393,-15.78,246,-11.12,21,-11.13,123 2023,-13.67,308,-15.81,241,2.74,6,-12.98,59 ,,,,,,,, "Note: Trends are calculated based on the proportional change in population abundance for monitored vertebrate species. All species are weighted equally, such that a species that doubled in population would be balanced out by a species that declined by half. The degree of variability of the system analysis can be seen in the Assessment of uncertainty (www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/environmental-indicators/canadian-species-index.html#AOU). Direct comparisons with the previous version of the index cannot be made as there are differences across the whole time-series. See Recent changes (www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/environmental-indicators/canadian-species-index.html#recent-changes).",,,,,,,, Source: Zoological Society of London (2026).,,,,,,,, Available on the Environmental indicators website (www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/environmental-indicators.html).,,,,,,,,