"National average fine particulate matter concentrations, Canada, 2009 to 2023",,, ,,, Year,Average concentration (micrograms per cubic meter),10th percentile (micrograms per cubic metre),90th percentile (micrograms per cubic metre) 2009,5.9,3.8,9.4 2010,6.6,3.8,10.8 2011,6.3,3.6,9.6 2012,6.3,3.9,9.4 2013,7,4.4,9.3 2014,7.1,4.9,9.5 2015,7.2,5,9.3 2016,6.2,4.3,8.1 2017,6.8,4.6,8.8 2018,7.4,4.9,10.6 2019,6.2,4.5,7.8 2020,6,4.3,7.6 2021,6.7,4.6,8.5 2022,6.3,4.7,8 2023,9.5,5.1,16.3 2020 standard,8.8,n/a,n/a Annual trend,No trend ,n/a,n/a ,,, "Note: n/a = not applicable. The national average PM2.5 concentration indicator is based on the annual average of the daily 24-hour average concentrations recorded at 161 monitoring stations across Canada. The comparison to the Canadian Ambient Air Quality Standard is provided for illustrative purposes only. A statistically significant trend is reported when the Mann-Kendall test indicates the presence of a trend at the 95% confidence level. For more information, consult the Methods section. (www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/environmental-indicators/air-quality.html#Methods).",,, Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada (2025) National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) Program - Open Government Portal (https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/1b36a356-defd-4813-acea-47bc3abd859b).,,, Available on the Environmental indicators website (www.canada.ca/environmental-indicators).,,,